:root {
  --gv-blue: #066ae4;
  --gv-sky: #02bcf7;
  --gv-green: #16d8a0;
  --gv-ink: #0b1b33;
  --gv-body: #52617e;
  --gv-muted: #8a99b5;
  --gv-bg: #eef1f6;
  --gv-border: #e2e7f0;
  --gv-border-soft: #eef1f7;
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--gv-ink);
  font-family: 'Poppins', system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
}

.public-research-page {
  min-height: 100vh;
  background: var(--gv-bg);
}

.gv-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 50;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e8ecf3;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .94);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
}

.gv-header-inner,
.gv-shell,
.public-footer-inner,
.public-disclaimer {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding-right: 32px;
  padding-left: 32px;
}

.gv-header-inner {
  display: flex;
  height: 72px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
}

.gv-brand-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  color: var(--gv-ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.gv-brand-container {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: stretch;
  gap: 4px;
}

.gv-logo {
  display: block;
  width: auto;
  height: 36px;
  max-width: 140px;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.gv-brand-tagline {
  display: block;
  margin-top: -2px;
  color: var(--gv-blue);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .18em;
  line-height: 1.1;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.gv-nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 26px;
  color: #42526e;
  font-size: 14.5px;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.gv-nav a {
  text-decoration: none;
}

.gv-nav a:hover {
  color: var(--gv-blue);
}

.gv-primary-btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  min-height: 44px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 11px 22px;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 10px;
  color: #fff;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--gv-blue), var(--gv-sky));
  box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(6, 106, 228, .28);
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.gv-shell {
  padding-top: 16px;
  padding-bottom: 70px;
}

.gv-tabs {
  display: flex;
  width: fit-content;
  max-width: 100%;
  gap: 6px;
  overflow-x: auto;
  margin: 0 auto 28px;
  padding: 6px;
  border: 1px solid var(--gv-border);
  border-radius: 14px;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(11, 27, 51, .05);
}

.gv-tab-button {
  padding: 11px 22px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  color: var(--gv-body);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.gv-tab-button.active {
  color: #fff;
  background: var(--gv-ink);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(11, 27, 51, .22);
}

.public-tool-tabs {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.gv-back-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  color: var(--gv-blue);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.gv-report-frame {
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--gv-border);
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(11, 27, 51, .05);
}

.public-research-page .research-report-shell {
  border-radius: 0;
}

.public-research-page .report-kpi-cell {
  min-height: 190px;
}

.public-research-page .report-kpi-cell > em {
  margin-top: 18px;
}

.public-research-page .research-report-tabs .tab-btn {
  color: var(--gv-muted);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.public-research-page .research-report-tabs .tab-btn.active {
  color: var(--gv-ink);
}

.public-gated-kpis .report-kpi-cell {
  position: relative;
}

.public-gated-kpis .report-kpi-cell::after {
  position: absolute;
  top: 25px;
  right: 25px;
  width: 7px;
  height: 7px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #dce4ef;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 5px #f5f7fa;
  content: "";
}

.public-gated-ring {
  --score-progress: 0deg;
  background: conic-gradient(#dbe4ef 0deg, #e9edf3 360deg);
}

.public-score-lock svg,
.public-kpi-locked-value svg {
  width: 24px;
  height: 24px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: #72809a;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  stroke-width: 1.7;
}

.public-kpi-locked-value {
  display: flex;
  min-height: 58px;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  margin-top: 18px;
  color: #72809a;
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.public-gated-progress,
.public-gated-rank {
  overflow: hidden;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #edf1f6 0%, #dfe7f2 50%, #edf1f6 100%);
  background-size: 200% 100%;
}

.public-gated-progress span,
.public-gated-rank span,
.public-gated-rank::before {
  display: none;
}

.public-locked-tab span {
  display: inline-grid;
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  margin-left: 4px;
  place-items: center;
  border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: transparent;
  vertical-align: -2px;
}

.public-locked-tab span::before {
  position: relative;
  top: 1px;
  width: 5px;
  height: 5px;
  border: 1.5px solid #94a3b8;
  border-radius: 1px;
  content: "";
}

.public-locked-tab span::after {
  position: absolute;
  width: 5px;
  height: 4px;
  margin-top: -5px;
  border: 1.5px solid #94a3b8;
  border-bottom: 0;
  border-radius: 5px 5px 0 0;
  content: "";
}

.public-preview-panel[hidden] {
  display: none;
}

.public-gated-report {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 420px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid #e5ebf4;
  border-radius: 20px;
  background: #f8fafd;
}

.public-gated-report-preview {
  min-height: 420px;
  padding: 44px;
  opacity: .65;
}

.public-preview-kicker,
.public-preview-title,
.public-preview-line {
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: #dfe6f0;
}

.public-preview-kicker {
  width: 108px;
  height: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.public-preview-title {
  width: min(360px, 72%);
  height: 28px;
  margin-bottom: 34px;
  background: #ccd7e5;
}

.public-preview-line {
  width: 72%;
  height: 12px;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.public-preview-line-long {
  width: 92%;
}

.public-preview-line-short {
  width: 55%;
}

.public-preview-chart {
  display: flex;
  height: 145px;
  margin-top: 42px;
  align-items: end;
  gap: 18px;
  padding: 22px 28px 0;
  border: 1px solid #e4eaf2;
  border-radius: 16px;
  background:
    linear-gradient(#edf1f6 1px, transparent 1px) 0 0 / 100% 36px,
    #fff;
}

.public-preview-chart span {
  width: 12%;
  border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #a9cff8, #d7e8fb);
}

.public-preview-chart span:nth-child(1) {
  height: 42%;
}

.public-preview-chart span:nth-child(2) {
  height: 64%;
}

.public-preview-chart span:nth-child(3) {
  height: 48%;
}

.public-preview-chart span:nth-child(4) {
  height: 78%;
}

.public-preview-chart span:nth-child(5) {
  height: 58%;
}

.public-report-unlock {
  position: absolute;
  right: 28px;
  bottom: 28px;
  left: 28px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 20px;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 24px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(199, 213, 232, .85);
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .96);
  box-shadow: 0 18px 50px rgba(31, 54, 88, .14);
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
}

.public-report-unlock .public-lock-icon {
  margin: 0;
}

.public-report-unlock h3 {
  margin: 5px 0 3px;
  color: var(--gv-ink);
  font-family: 'Spectral', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 23px;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.public-report-unlock p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--gv-body);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.public-report-unlock .gv-primary-btn {
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.public-overview-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.55fr) minmax(285px, .72fr);
  gap: 34px;
}

.public-evidence-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 16px;
  margin: 14px 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  color: #42526e;
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  list-style: none;
}

.public-evidence-list li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 18px;
}

.public-evidence-list li::before {
  position: absolute;
  top: .72em;
  left: 0;
  width: 6px;
  height: 6px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--gv-blue);
  content: "";
}

.public-evidence-list strong {
  color: var(--gv-ink);
}

.public-return-section {
  margin-top: 38px;
}

.public-section-heading {
  display: flex;
  align-items: end;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 18px;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.public-section-heading .report-kicker {
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.public-section-heading h3 {
  margin: 0;
}

.public-section-heading > span {
  color: var(--gv-muted);
  font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', ui-monospace, monospace;
  font-size: 11px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.public-table-wrap {
  overflow-x: auto;
  border: 1px solid var(--gv-border-soft);
  border-radius: 16px;
  background: #fff;
}

.public-table-wrap table {
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 610px;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}

.public-table-wrap th,
.public-table-wrap td {
  padding: 16px 18px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gv-border-soft);
  text-align: right;
}

.public-table-wrap th:first-child,
.public-table-wrap td:first-child {
  text-align: left;
}

.public-table-wrap thead th {
  color: var(--gv-muted);
  background: #f7f9fd;
  font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', ui-monospace, monospace;
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.public-table-wrap tbody th {
  color: var(--gv-ink);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.public-table-wrap tbody td {
  color: var(--gv-body);
  font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', ui-monospace, monospace;
  font-size: 13px;
}

.public-table-wrap tbody tr:last-child th,
.public-table-wrap tbody tr:last-child td {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.public-locked-card,
.public-method-card {
  border: 1px solid #e3ebf8;
  border-radius: 20px;
  background: #f7f9fd;
  padding: 26px;
}

.public-locked-card {
  text-align: left;
}

.public-lock-icon {
  display: grid;
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  place-items: center;
  border-radius: 16px;
  color: var(--gv-blue);
  background: #eaf2ff;
}

.public-lock-icon svg {
  width: 24px;
  height: 24px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  stroke-width: 1.8;
}

.public-locked-card h3 {
  margin: 12px 0 10px;
  color: var(--gv-ink);
  font-family: 'Spectral', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 25px;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.18;
}

.public-locked-card p,
.public-method-card p {
  color: var(--gv-body);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.public-locked-card .gv-primary-btn {
  width: 100%;
  margin-top: 10px;
  text-align: center;
}

.public-method-card {
  margin-top: 20px;
}

.public-method-card p {
  margin: 10px 0 0;
}

.public-footer {
  padding: 42px 0 32px;
  border-top: 1px solid #e3e8f0;
  background: #fff;
}

.public-footer-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 24px;
  color: var(--gv-body);
  font-size: 13px;
}

.public-footer-inner img {
  width: auto;
  height: 32px;
}

.public-footer-inner p {
  margin: 0 auto 0 0;
}

.public-footer-inner a {
  color: var(--gv-body);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.public-disclaimer {
  margin-top: 24px;
  color: var(--gv-muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

/* Shared Genvest website footer */
.gv-footer {
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);
  color: #e5e7eb;
  background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(2, 6, 23, .88), rgba(2, 6, 23, .96));
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
}

.gv-footer-inner,
.gv-footer-resources,
.gv-footer-disclaimer,
.gv-footer-bottom-inner {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin-right: auto;
  margin-left: auto;
  padding-right: 32px;
  padding-left: 32px;
}

.gv-footer-inner {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.6fr 1fr 1fr;
  align-items: start;
  gap: 64px;
  padding-top: 64px;
  padding-bottom: 36px;
}

.gv-footer h4 {
  margin: 0 0 20px;
  color: #e5e7eb;
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -.01em;
}

.gv-footer p,
.gv-footer a,
.gv-footer div,
.gv-footer address {
  color: #94a3b8;
}

.gv-footer a {
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color .16s ease;
}

.gv-footer a:hover {
  color: #e5e7eb;
}

.gv-footer-links {
  display: grid;
  gap: 14px 28px;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.gv-footer-links.two-col {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  align-items: start;
}

.gv-compliance-info {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 24px;
}

.gv-footer-logo {
  width: 142px;
  max-width: 142px;
  height: auto;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  object-fit: contain;
  image-rendering: auto;
}

.gv-compliance-text {
  max-width: 470px;
  margin: 0;
  color: #94a3b8;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.gv-footer-compliance {
  display: grid;
  gap: 12px;
  padding: 20px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .06);
  border-radius: 12px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .03);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.gv-footer-compliance b {
  color: #cbd5e1;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.gv-footer-row {
  display: flex;
  gap: 12px;
}

.gv-footer-row b {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  min-width: 116px;
}

.gv-footer-card {
  padding: 20px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .06);
  border-radius: 12px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .03);
}

.gv-footer-card h4 {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.gv-footer-card p {
  margin: 6px 0;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.gv-contact-info address {
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  color: #94a3b8;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-style: normal;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.gv-contact-line {
  margin: 10px 0;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.gv-social-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 14px;
  margin-top: 22px;
}

.gv-social-links a {
  display: inline-flex;
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  border-radius: 8px;
  color: #94a3b8;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05);
  transition: transform .16s ease, background .16s ease, color .16s ease;
}

.gv-social-links a:hover {
  color: #e5e7eb;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.gv-social-links svg {
  width: 18px;
  height: 18px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  stroke-width: 1.8;
}

.gv-footer-resources {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(180px, 240px) 1fr;
  align-items: start;
  gap: 24px 32px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  padding-top: 24px;
  padding-bottom: 24px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .06);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .06);
}

.gv-footer-resources h4 {
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  color: #cbd5e1;
  font-size: 15px;
}

.gv-footer-resources p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #64748b;
  font-size: 12.5px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.gv-footer-resource-links {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 10px 16px;
  font-size: 12.5px;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.gv-footer-disclaimer {
  padding-top: 12px;
  padding-bottom: 28px;
}

.gv-footer-disclaimer p {
  max-width: 80ch;
  margin: 0;
  color: #64748b;
  font-size: 12.5px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.gv-footer-bottom {
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .06);
}

.gv-footer-bottom-inner {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 12px;
  padding-top: 18px;
  padding-bottom: 18px;
  color: #64748b;
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Fund directory */
.site-header {
  display: flex;
  width: min(1136px, calc(100% - 40px));
  min-height: 72px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.site-header .brand img {
  display: block;
  width: auto;
  height: 38px;
}

.site-header nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 24px;
}

.site-header nav a {
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.site-header .nav-cta {
  padding: 10px 18px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  color: #fff;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--gv-blue), var(--gv-sky));
}

.directory-hero,
.fund-directory,
.site-header + main,
.site-header ~ footer {
  width: min(1136px, calc(100% - 40px));
  margin-right: auto;
  margin-left: auto;
}

.directory-hero {
  max-width: 820px;
  padding: 90px 0 54px;
}

.directory-hero .eyebrow {
  color: var(--gv-blue);
  font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', ui-monospace, monospace;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.directory-hero h1 {
  margin: 14px 0;
  color: var(--gv-ink);
  font-family: 'Spectral', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: clamp(38px, 6vw, 62px);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.04;
}

.directory-hero p:last-child {
  color: var(--gv-body);
  font-size: 17px;
}

.fund-directory {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
  padding: 0 0 90px;
  list-style: none;
}

.fund-directory a {
  display: flex;
  min-height: 132px;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 26px;
  border: 1px solid var(--gv-border);
  border-radius: 16px;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(11, 27, 51, .05);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.fund-directory span {
  color: var(--gv-ink);
  font-family: 'Spectral', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.fund-directory small {
  margin-top: 7px;
  color: var(--gv-blue);
}

.site-header ~ footer .disclaimer {
  color: var(--gv-muted);
  font-size: 11px;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .gv-header-inner,
  .gv-shell,
  .public-footer-inner,
  .public-disclaimer {
    padding-right: 18px;
    padding-left: 18px;
  }

  .gv-nav {
    display: none;
  }

  .public-overview-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .gv-brand-tagline {
    display: none;
  }

  .gv-logo {
    height: 31px;
  }

  .gv-primary-btn {
    padding: 10px 14px;
    font-size: 12px;
  }

  .gv-shell {
    padding-top: 14px;
  }

  .gv-tabs {
    width: 100%;
    margin-bottom: 18px;
  }

  .gv-tab-button {
    flex: 1 0 auto;
    padding: 10px 14px;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .public-research-page .report-kpi-cell {
    min-height: 0;
  }

  .public-kpi-locked-value {
    min-height: 44px;
    margin-top: 12px;
  }

  .public-research-page .research-report-tabs .tabs-bar {
    gap: 22px;
    padding: 0 20px;
  }

  .public-overview-grid {
    gap: 24px;
  }

  .public-gated-report,
  .public-gated-report-preview {
    min-height: 470px;
  }

  .public-gated-report-preview {
    padding: 30px 24px;
  }

  .public-report-unlock {
    right: 18px;
    bottom: 18px;
    left: 18px;
    grid-template-columns: auto minmax(0, 1fr);
    padding: 20px;
  }

  .public-report-unlock .gv-primary-btn {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .public-section-heading {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 6px;
  }

  .public-footer-inner {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  .public-footer-inner p {
    width: 100%;
    margin: 0;
  }

  .fund-directory {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 460px) {
  .public-research-page .report-hero h1 {
    font-size: 2rem;
  }

  .public-evidence-list {
    font-size: 15px;
  }

  .public-gated-kpis .report-kpi-cell::after {
    top: 20px;
    right: 20px;
  }

  .public-preview-chart {
    gap: 10px;
    padding-right: 16px;
    padding-left: 16px;
  }

  .public-report-unlock {
    display: block;
  }

  .public-report-unlock .public-lock-icon {
    margin-bottom: 14px;
  }

  .public-report-unlock .gv-primary-btn {
    margin-top: 16px;
  }

  .public-locked-card,
  .public-method-card {
    padding: 22px;
  }
}

/* Public comparison and research-method articles */
.research-content-page {
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 82% 5%, rgba(2, 188, 247, .1), transparent 24rem),
    radial-gradient(circle at 8% 18%, rgba(22, 216, 160, .08), transparent 20rem),
    #f6f8fb;
}

.research-content-shell {
  width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 64px));
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 30px 0 90px;
}

.research-breadcrumbs {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 34px;
  color: #71809a;
  font-size: 13px;
}

.research-breadcrumbs a {
  color: #41516d;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.research-breadcrumbs a:hover {
  color: var(--gv-blue);
}

.research-article-hero {
  max-width: 1040px;
  padding: 42px 0 48px;
}

.research-learn-hero {
  background: transparent;
}

.research-eyebrow,
.research-section-heading > p,
.research-aside-label {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: #087e64;
  font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .11em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-article-hero h1 {
  max-width: 860px;
  margin: 0;
  color: #102b64;
  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
  font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 3.3vw, 3rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -.03em;
  line-height: 1.14;
}

.research-article-hero > p:not(.research-eyebrow) {
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 22px 0 0;
  color: #4f5d76;
  font-family: 'Spectral', serif;
  font-size: clamp(1.08rem, 1.7vw, 1.3rem);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.research-byline {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 9px;
  margin-top: 30px;
}

.research-byline span {
  padding: 8px 12px;
  border: 1px solid #dfe7f2;
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: #53627d;
  background: #fff;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.research-article-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 300px;
  align-items: start;
  gap: 52px;
  margin-top: 50px;
}

.research-article-body {
  max-width: 790px;
  color: #34435e;
  font-family: 'Spectral', serif;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.82;
}

.research-article-body > p:first-child {
  color: #162c53;
  font-size: 21px;
}

.research-article-body section {
  margin-top: 68px;
}

.research-section-heading {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.research-section-heading > p {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.research-section-heading h2 {
  max-width: 700px;
  margin: 0;
  color: #102b64;
  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 2.4vw, 2.05rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -.025em;
  line-height: 1.24;
}

.research-article-body h3 {
  margin: 30px 0 4px;
  color: #18315f;
  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
  font-size: 1.12rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.research-table-wrap {
  max-width: 100%;
  margin: 30px 0 16px;
  overflow-x: auto;
  border: 1px solid #dce5f1;
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 16px 40px rgba(35, 57, 93, .07);
}

.research-table-wrap:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid rgba(6, 106, 228, .35);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}

.research-table {
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 650px;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  color: #34435e;
  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.research-table th,
.research-table td {
  padding: 17px 20px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e8edf5;
  text-align: left;
  vertical-align: top;
}

.research-table thead th {
  color: #173361;
  background: #f1f6fd;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.research-table thead th:first-child {
  min-width: 190px;
}

.research-table thead a {
  color: #0b5fc4;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.research-table thead small {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 6px;
  color: #73819a;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.research-table tbody th {
  color: #53627b;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.research-table tbody td {
  color: #132b57;
  font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.research-table tr:last-child th,
.research-table tr:last-child td {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.research-data-note {
  color: #71809a;
  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.research-question-grid,
.research-definition-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 14px;
  margin-top: 28px;
}

.research-question-grid article,
.research-definition-grid article {
  padding: 24px;
  border: 1px solid #dfe7f2;
  border-radius: 17px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .88);
}

.research-question-grid h3,
.research-definition-grid h3 {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
}

.research-question-grid p,
.research-definition-grid p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #58667f;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.research-definition-grid span {
  color: #087e64;
  font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-inline-cta {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-top: 12px;
  color: #075dbd;
  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.research-article-aside {
  position: sticky;
  top: 102px;
  display: grid;
  gap: 14px;
}

.research-article-aside .research-aside-label {
  margin: 0;
}

.research-fund-card,
.research-aside-note {
  padding: 22px;
  border: 1px solid #dfe7f2;
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .94);
  box-shadow: 0 14px 35px rgba(32, 55, 92, .06);
}

.research-fund-card > p {
  margin: 0 0 6px;
  color: #087e64;
  font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-fund-card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  color: #153162;
  font-size: 16px;
}

.research-fund-card > span {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 5px;
  color: #71809a;
  font-size: 12px;
}

.research-fund-card a {
  display: inline-flex;
  gap: 6px;
  margin-top: 18px;
  color: #0866ce;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.research-aside-note {
  margin-top: 8px;
  border-color: rgba(6, 106, 228, .2);
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, #edf6ff, #f5fffb);
}

.research-aside-note strong {
  color: #153162;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.research-aside-note p {
  color: #596981;
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.research-aside-note .gv-primary-btn {
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 42px;
  padding: 10px 14px;
  font-size: 12px;
}

.research-faq details {
  border-top: 1px solid #dce5f1;
}

.research-faq details:last-child {
  border-bottom: 1px solid #dce5f1;
}

.research-faq summary {
  padding: 20px 34px 20px 0;
  color: #193461;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.research-faq details p {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 0 22px;
  color: #52617b;
}

.research-formula {
  margin: 26px 0;
  padding: 22px 26px;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--gv-green);
  border-radius: 0 14px 14px 0;
  color: #173361;
  background: #effaf7;
  font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
  font-size: clamp(14px, 2.2vw, 18px);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.research-window-example {
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
  margin: 28px 0;
}

.research-window-example div {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 110px 1fr;
  gap: 20px;
  padding: 14px 18px;
  border: 1px solid #dce5f1;
  border-radius: 12px;
  background: #fff;
  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
}

.research-window-example span {
  color: #087e64;
  font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.research-window-example strong {
  color: #173361;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.research-check-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 12px;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.research-check-list li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 30px;
}

.research-check-list li::before {
  position: absolute;
  top: .32em;
  left: 0;
  width: 18px;
  height: 18px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: #087e64;
  background: #dbf8ef;
  content: "\2713";
  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 18px;
  text-align: center;
}

.public-related-research {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 32px;
  margin-top: 24px;
  padding: 28px 32px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(6, 106, 228, .16);
  border-radius: 20px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fff, #f2f9ff);
}

.public-related-research span {
  color: #087e64;
  font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .09em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.public-related-research h2 {
  margin: 5px 0;
  color: #153162;
  font-size: 20px;
}

.public-related-research p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #687790;
  font-size: 13px;
}

.public-related-research > a {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  color: #0866ce;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.directory-secondary {
  margin-top: 76px;
}

.directory-secondary h2 {
  margin: 0;
  color: #102b64;
  font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 3vw, 2.7rem);
  letter-spacing: -.03em;
}

.comparison-directory {
  padding-bottom: 72px;
}

.research-method-cta {
  padding: 36px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(6, 106, 228, .18);
  border-radius: 22px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #edf6ff, #effcf8);
}

.research-method-cta > p:first-child {
  margin: 0;
  color: #087e64;
  font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-method-cta h2 {
  margin-top: 8px;
}

.research-method-cta .gv-primary-btn {
  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
  font-size: 14px;
}

@media (max-width: 960px) {
  .research-article-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .research-article-aside {
    position: static;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .research-article-aside .research-aside-label {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
  }

  .research-aside-note {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 740px) {
  .research-content-shell {
    width: min(100% - 32px, 1180px);
    padding-top: 20px;
  }

  .research-breadcrumbs {
    margin-bottom: 22px;
  }

  .research-article-hero {
    padding: 26px 0 34px;
  }

  .research-article-hero h1 {
    font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 7.2vw, 2.2rem);
    letter-spacing: -.025em;
  }

  .research-article-layout {
    gap: 38px;
    margin-top: 38px;
  }

  .research-article-body {
    font-size: 17px;
  }

  .research-article-body section {
    margin-top: 54px;
  }

  .research-question-grid,
  .research-definition-grid,
  .research-article-aside {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .research-aside-note,
  .research-article-aside .research-aside-label {
    grid-column: auto;
  }

  .research-method-cta {
    padding: 28px 24px;
  }

  .public-related-research {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
    padding: 24px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .gv-footer-inner,
  .gv-footer-resources,
  .gv-footer-disclaimer,
  .gv-footer-bottom-inner {
    padding-right: 18px;
    padding-left: 18px;
  }

  .gv-footer-inner,
  .gv-footer-resources {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 28px;
  }

  .gv-footer-links.two-col,
  .gv-footer-resource-links {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .gv-footer-row {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 4px;
  }

  .gv-footer-row b {
    min-width: 0;
  }

  .gv-footer-logo {
    width: 132px;
    max-width: 132px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 520px) {
  .gv-footer-links.two-col,
  .gv-footer-resource-links {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}